MIGs Ierakstīts Oktobris 31, 2004 Share Ierakstīts Oktobris 31, 2004 Nu apnika man te skaidrot keksiem kaa uzinstaleet Gentoo kur njemt utt. Vot reku buus Shajaa reizee es nevareeju iebuutoties no gentoo-minimal-livecd tapeec izveeleejos gentoo-universal-livecd. Instaleeju es no stage1 un stage tarbal utt tika njemts no cd tapeec ka njemot no neta man bija probleemas (laikam jau liiko roku sindroms) un peectam taisiits update Shis ir vairaak nevis kaa manuaalis bet manas instalaacijas apraksts ar nelieliem paskaidrojumiem. ja ir neskaidriibas iesaku apluukot http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml Gentoo var instaleet dazhaados veidos: No jau ejoshas linux sisteemas No gentoo instalaacijas cd No live-cd piemeeram knoppix utt Ir pieejams uz shaadaam arhitektuuraam: x86 amd64 sparc ppc alpha mips hppa Minimaalaas prasiibas prieksh x86 arhitektuuras: Vismaz 1Gb briivas vietas uz cietaa diska Ja nelietojam binaaraas pakas tad mums vajag vism az 300Mb (RAM+SWAP) 486+ procesoru vismaz 64megabitus RAM Gentoo linux tiek instaleets izmantojot vienu no trijiem "Stage tarball" stage1 stage2 stage3 ---- ejam uz http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml izveelamies kaadu sev tiikamaaku spoguljserveri un ejam /relases/x86/2004.2/livecd direktorijos un izveelamies sev vienu no diviem livecd.iso Es izveelos Universal live-cd novelkam un paarbaudam cheksumu (piem md5)iecepjam kaadaa matricaa to iso failu piem ar nero,k3b (burn as image utt) Iznjemam visas disketes-cd un citas lietas aaraa no PC draiviem un ieliekam gentoo-universal-livecd un paarstarteejam PC(ja nepiecieshams uzliekam biosaa boot from cd) Esam ielaadeejushies no livecd. Ja spiediisim "F1" buus saraksts ar kerneljiem kuru izveeleeties. 1.gentoo #parastais 2.4 kernelis ar framebufer atbalstu. 2.smp #parastais 2.6 kernelis ar framebufer un vairaaku CPU atbalstu. 3.gentoo-nofb #taspats gentoo tikai bez framebufer atbalsta 4.smp-nofb #taspats smp tikai bez framebufer atbalsta 5.memtest86 #Notesteet RAM uz eroriem Ja spiediisim "F2" buus saraksts ar parametriem ko mees varam piedot kernelim. - agpgart loads agpgart (use if you have graphic problems,lockups) - doscsi scan for scsi devices (breaks some ethernet cards) - nodetect causes hwsetup/kudzu and hotplug not to run - dofirewire modprobes firewire modules in initrd (for firewire cdroms,etc) - nousb disables usb module load from initrd, disables hotplug - nodhcp dhcp does not automatically start if nic detected - doataraid loads ide raid modules from initrd - dopcmcia starts pcmcia service - noapm disables apm module load - noraid disables loading of evms modules - nohotplug disables loading hotplug service - ide=nodma Force disabling of dma for malfunctioning ide devices - docache Cache the entire runtime portion of cd in ram, allows you to umount /mnt/cdrom to mount another cdrom. - dokeymap enable keymap selection for non-us keyboard layouts - noapic disable apic (try if having hardware problems ,nics,scsi,etc) - hdx=stroke (smp/smp-nofb kernel only) Allows you to partition the whole harddrive even if your BIOS can't handle large harddrive Ielaadeejam kerneli # smp jeb piemeeram kerneli ar SCSI atbalstu # smp doscsi Gentoo droshiibas noluukos automaatiski uzdjeneree paroli bet mums to vajag nomainiit, un tad vareesim paarsleegties starp terminaaliem ar "CTRL+ALT+F1, F2, utt" # passwd apskatamies vai neta setingi ir pareizi # /sbin/ifconfig varam arii kaadu nopingot # ping www.boot.lv Zinu ka ir cilveeki kam nav skaidrs kas ir broadcast- broadcast ir taa pati IP adrese tikai beigaas ir .255 IP=192.168.0.1 tad broadcast=192.168.0.255 Jaadabuun pie dziiviibas internets(statiskaa IP jeb DHCP) # net-setup eth0 Wireless, RP-PPPoE un PPTP shajaa manuaalii nav aprakstiiti ------ Jaapieliek klaat paareejie dns serveri(ja ir vairaaki) # nano /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 192.168.0.5 nameserver 192.198.5.2 nameserver 145.25.5.6 varbuut ka vajag interneta paarluuku?! # links www.kaukas.lv ja nets tomeer nejiet varbuut ka nav ielaadeejies tiiklakartes modulis?! apskatamies moduljus # ls /lib/modules' unmae -r /kernel/driver/net ielaadeejam vajadziigo moduli # modprobe 8139too ja mums staav proxy tad #export http_proxy="http://proxy.kaukas.lc:8080" ja mums ir proxy kur vajag lietotaaju un paroli # export http_proxy="http://migs:passwd@proxy.gentoo.org:8080" manuaalis angliski ir arii uz cd #links /mnt/cdrom/docs/html/index.html jeb internetaa #links http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml vajag izveidot 3 particijas *swap(divas reizes lielaaka kaa ram) *boot(kaadi 64-128 megi) *root viss atlikushais nomartjeesim boot partiiciju kaa bootable to vislabaak izdariit ar # cfdisk jeb # fdisk /dev/hdx Taalaak vajag uz atieciigajaam partiicijaam izveidot failsisteemas ext2 # mke2fs ext3 # mke2fs -j ReiserFS # mkreiserfs XFS mkfs.xfs JFS mkfs.jfs SWAP mkswap # mke2fs /dev/hda1 # mke2fs -j /dev/hda3 # mkswap /dev/hda2 Vajag piemonteet partiicijas # swapon /dev/hda2 # mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/gentoo # mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot ---------jaaizveelas kuru stage mees njemsim----- # cd /mnt/gentoo # tar -xvjpf /mnt/cdrom/stages/stage1.tar.bz # tar -xvjf /mnt/cdrom/snapshots/portage-20041008.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo/usr # cd /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage # mkdir distfiles # cp /mnt/cdrom/distfiles/* ./distfiles Paarkopeesim DNS serverus uz jauno sisteemu -L ir lai buutu droshi ka nebuus simlinks #cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf piemonteejam proc # mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc paarejam jaunajaa sisteema # chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash # env-update # source /etc/profile esam jaunajaa sisteemaa un atjaunojam portage tree # emerge --sync jeb ja mees esam aiz ugunsmuura # emerge-webrsync ____________MAKE.CONF_________ Ieksh make.conf tiek nodefineeti parametri ar kaadiem libiem tiks kompileets, prieksh kaada procesora, procesoru skaits, ar kaadiem procesoriem jaabuut savietojamiem ar kaadiem nee. failu izmeera/aatrdarbiibas pielaagoshana gentoo-mirror serveri # nano /etc/make.conf piejamaas arhitektuuras un to nosaukumi Architecture Subarchitecture CHOST Setting x86 i386 i386-pc-linux-gnu x86 i486 i486-pc-linux-gnu x86 i586 i586-pc-linux-gnu x86 i686 and above (incl. athlon) i686-pc-linux-gnu alpha alpha-unknown-linux-gnu ppc powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu ppc64 powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu sparc sparc-unknown-linux-gnu hppa (generic) hppa-unknown-linux-gnu hppa pa7000 hppa1.1-unknown-linux-gnu hppa pa8000 and above hppa2.0-unknown-linux-gnu mips mips-unknown-linux-gnu amd64 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu pieejamie use flagi ir less /usr/portage/profiles/use.desc tagad editeesim /etc/make.conf ######################################## CFLAGS="-O2 -march=pentium4 -pipe" #-O2(nevis nulle) noziimee # ka buus optimizeets aatrdarbiiba bet failu izmeers buus otrshtjiriigs # jautaajums, ja liek -O3 tad vajag vismaz vienu Megu kesha # procesoram, protams var likt arii -O1 # march=pentium4 noziimee ka kods buus optimizeets prieksh P4 saraujot kompitablitaati ar citiem procesoru moduljiem(P3, athlon, utt) # ja ir mcpu=pentium4 tad kods buus optimizeets prieksh P4 BET vinjsh buus kompitabls ar vecaakiem modeljiem # CHOST="i686-pc-linuxgnu" # karoche i386 i486 i586 CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}" MAKEOPTS="-j2" # procesoru skaits plus viens bet tas nav vienmeer noziimiigs skaitlis USE="kde qt -gnome alsa xmms" # liekam visaadas multjiibas ar kaadiem libiem utt mees gribas kompileet un ar kaadiem nee-bet nevajag aizrauties jo tas iespaido aatrdarbiibu utt. GENTOO_MIRRORS="http://gentoo.osuosl.org http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/gentoo " # Nu gentoo spoguljserveri lai dabuutu sources kodu(piem prieksh apache) ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" #un izmantosim x86 testa pakas :) # ieksh /etc/make.conf.examples ir piemeeri ############################# Izveelamies aatraakos spoguljserverus mirrorselect -a -s4 -o | grep 'GENTOO_MIRRORS=' >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf un iztiiram ja ir radusies draza ieksh /etc/make.conf faila nano /etc/make.conf --------tikai stage 1------- # cd /usr/portage Buuveejam sisteemu # scripts/bootstrap.sh -----------tikai stage 1 un 2------------ Buuveejam sisteemu # emerge system --------------------- Paarkopeejam laika zonu lai kaste zin kur atrodaas. # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/GMT /etc/localtime ______________FSTAB______________ Kas ir fstab?! Zem linux visaam partiicijaam un taadaam, ieriiceem ka cdrom utt jaabuut ierakstiitaam ieksh /etc/fstab fstab satur 6 daljas katraa rindinjaa un savstarpeeji tiek atdaliitas ar atstarpi(space),tab vai abiem kopaa. Katra rindinja apraksta savu partiiciju. 1.dalja(kolona) apziimee partiicijas atrashanaas vietu (/dev/hda1) 2.dalja apziimee vietu kur partiicija buus piemonteeta 3.dalja apziimee shiis partiicijas failsisteemu 4.dalja noraada vai partiicija tiks monteeta automaatiski vai peec pieprasijuma un RO vai RW rezhijumaa 5. karoche parasti ir 0 6.apziimee to cik stipri buus jaapaarbauda partiicija ja buus nepareizi izsleegts kompis(piem pazuud elektriiba) 0-apziimee ka netiks skaneeta(piemeeram cd-draivs) 1-apziimee ka tiks skaneeta(nu root partiicija) 2-apziimee ka tiks ciitiigaak skaneeta paarbaudiita vai nav erori-teiksim boot partiicijai # nano /etc/fstab ############################################# /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 /dev/hda2 /none swap sw 0 0 /dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 /dev/hda4 /mnt/xp ntfs noauto,rw 0 0 /dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,ro 0 0 /dev/cdroms/cdrom1 /mnt/rw auto noauto,ro 0 0 /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 ########################################### ---------KERNELIS------------ Mums jaaizveelas viens no shiem kerneljiem 1 # emerge gentoo-dev-sources --2.6+gentoo patch kernelis 2# emerge gentoo-sources --2.4+gentoo patch kernelis 3# emerge vanilla-sources --2.4-originaalais kernelis 4# emerge development-sources --2.6-originaalais kernelis tiem kas nemaak nokompileet kerneli es iesaku kompileet kaa genkernel Pie live-cd ar bija genkernel kursh automaatisko noskanee sisteemu un ielaadee vajadziigos moduljus izraveejam simlinku # rm /usr/src/linux # cd /usr/src uztaisam jaunu simlinku ar nosaukumu linux # ln -s linux-2.6.10-r6 linux Kompileejam parasto kerneli 1# cd /usr/src/linux # make menuconfig # make dep && make bzImage modules modules_install(prieksh kernel 2.4) # make && make modules_install (prieksh kernel 2.6) # cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/kernel-2.x.x # cp System.map /boot/System.map # cp .config /boot/kernel.config [b]ja kompileejam genkerneli[/b] # emerge genkernel # genkernel all # emerge hotplug instaleejam hotplug # rc-update add hotplug lai hotplug palaizhas automaatiski Norakstam kernelja un initrd(ja izmantojam genkernel) nosaukumus kas mums buus vajadziigi pie bootloader(lilo vai grub)) # ls /boot Iespeejamie kernelja papildus modulji Accelerated NVIDIA graphics for xorg-x11 # emerge nvidia-kernel On-board audio on NVIDIA NForce(2) motherboards # emerge nforce-audio ntel e100 Fast Ethernet Adapters emerge e100 Intel e1000 Gigabit Ethernet Adapters emerge e1000 Creative Sound Blaster Live!/Audigy support (for 2.4 kernels only) emerge emu10k1 Accelerated ATI Radeon 8500+/FireGL graphics for xorg-x11 emerge ati-drivers Graphical ATI tools emerge ati-drivers-extra Saliksim visus kastes nosaukumus nokonfigureesim netu utt # echo mans-pc-vaards > /etc/hostname Domains # echo mignets > /etc/dnsdomainname Nis domains # echo nis.homenetwork > /etc/nisdomainname apdeitosim domainu lai starteejas # rc-update add domainname default Visi neta setingi ir sheit # nano -w /etc/conf.d/net un fails izskataas shaads # iface_eth0="83.241.8.86 broadcast 83.241.8.255 netmask 255.255.255.0" #iface_eth1="207.170.82.202 broadcast 207.0.255.255 netmask 255.255.0.0" # For DHCP set iface_eth? to "dhcp" # For passing options to dhcpcd use dhcpcd_eth? # #iface_eth0="dhcp" #dhcpcd_eth0="..." # For adding aliases to a interface # #alias_eth0="192.168.0.3 192.168.0.4" # NB: The next is only used for aliases. # # To add a custom netmask/broadcast address to created aliases, # uncomment and change accordingly. Leave commented to assign # defaults for that interface. # #broadcast_eth0="192.168.0.255 192.168.0.255" #netmask_eth0="255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0" # For setting the default gateway # gateway="eth0/83.241.8.1" Lai nets starteetos automaatiski # rc-update add net.eth0 default nu lokaalaa tiikla vaardi shaadaa stilaa 127.0.0.1 localhost 192.168.0.5 jenny.homenetwork jenny 192.168.0.6 benny.homenetwork benny 192.168.0.7 tux.homenetwork tux editeejam hostus # nano -w /etc/hosts tjipa galvenaa sisteemas konfigureeshana atveram un izlabojam ko veelamies # nano -w /etc/rc.conf ########################################################## Izveelamies kuri modulji laadeesies automaatiski # nano -w /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.x Lai nets palaizhas automaatiski # rc-update add net.eth0 defaults ########################################################### Tagad uzliekam paroli jaunajai sisteemai # passwd GRUB CONFIGS Instaleejam Grub bootloader # emerge grub editeejam grub konfiga failu # nano -w /boot/grub/grub.conf ieksh grub tiek skaitiits taa ka pirmaa ieriice ir 0 hda1=hd0,0 hda2=hd0,1 hda3=hd0,2 hdb1=hd1,0 hdb2=hd1,1 utt #grub konfiga fails # augsha taa teikt default 0 timeout 30 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz # prieksh parastaa kernelja title=gentoo root (hd0,0) kernel /kernel-2.x.x root=/dev/hda3 # prieksh gentoo-kernel title=gentoo root (hd0,0) kernel /kernel-2.x.x root=/dev/ram0 init=/linuxrc ramdisk=8192 real_root=/dev/hda3 initrd /initrd-2.x.x # prieksh win title=xp root (hd0,3) makeactive chainloader +1 ierakstam gentoo ieksh MBR # cp /proc/mounts /etc/mtab # grub-install --root-directory=/boot /dev/hda Jeb ieraksta grub ieksh MBR shaadi # grub # root (hd0,0) # setup (hd0) # quit Varam lietot LILO gruba vietaa instaleejam Lilo # emerge lilo Editeejam lilo config failu # nano -w /etc/lilo.conf lilo konfiga fails ### saakums taa teikt #### boot=/dev/hda prompt timeout=50 default=gentoo vga=788 #ja lieto framebufer ######## parastam kernelim ####### image=/boot/kernel-2.x.x label=gentoo read-only root=/dev/hda3 ######### genkernel kernelis ############ image=/boot/kernel-2.x.x label=gentoo read-only root=dev/ram0 append="init=/linuxrc ramdisk=8192 real_root=dev/hda3" initrd=/boot/initrd-2.x.x ####### WIN ####### other=/dev/hda4 label=win-xp Jaapalaizh lai lilo.config ierakstiitos MBR # /sbin/lilo samekleesim pieejamos moduljus # find /lib/modules/<kernel version>/ -type f -iname '*.o' -or -iname '*.ko' jaaizveelas kurus kerneljus ielaadeesim pie starteeshanaas # nano -w /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.4 apdeitosim # modules-update ja izveidojaam kaadu partiiciju ReiserFS, xfs jeb jfs failsisteemaas tad vajag arii attieciigos pribambasus XFS # emerge xfsprogs JFS # emerge jfsutils ReiserFS # emerge reiserfsprogs ja vajag dhcp tad # emerge dhcpcd ja vajag sisteemas logeri tad # emerge metalog # rc-update add metalog default Izejam no tiko uzinstaleetaas sisteemas # exit ieejam / (saakuma) direktorijaa # cd / Atmonteejam visas partiicijas # umount /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo Paarstarteejam PC # reboot Iznjemam aaraa cd un restarteejam PC DAZHAADAS KOMANDAS uzstaadam laiku formaataa: meenesis, diena, stunda, minuute, gads # date MMDDhhmmYYYY atjauno portage tree # emerge --sync atjauno portage tree ja staav aizveerti porti # emerge-webrsync atinstalee xmms progu # emerge unmerge xmms novilks-uzinstalees xmms progu bez kde atbalsta # USE="-kde" emerge xmms paraadiis kaadi use flagi ir # emerge -pv xmms atjauno visu sisteemu no nulles ar jaunajiem # emerge -De world novilks xmms testa paku # ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge xmms ---------- update pilniigi visu # emerge --update --deep world update sisteemu # emerge update world apskatiisies kaadas papildus pakas vajadziigas progai # emerge --pretend xmms novelkam tikai sourci # emerge --fetchonly xmms visi piejamie use flagi # less /usr/portage/profiles/use.desc defaultie use setingi # nano /etc/make.profile/make.defaults pamekleesim pa pakaam PDF # emerge search pdf Pamekleesim pa pakaam PDF # emerge searchdesc pdf Lietos kde paku nevis sourci # emerge --usepkg kde Lietos paku nevis sourci # emerge --usepkgonly kde Apskatiit PCI iekaartas # ls /proc/pci Apskatiit moduljus # lsmod apskatiisim PCI iekaartas # lspci Paarbaudiisim MD5 cheksummu # md5sum -c xxx.tar.bz2.md5 Paraada kernelja versiju # uname -r LINKI http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/hand...-x86.xml?full=1 pilnais installa manuaalis www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-x86-quickinstall.xml iisinjsh install helps http://packages.gentoo.org/ pakas kuras varam dabuut ar emerge ###JA NEPAREIZI SAKOMPILEETS KERNELIS UTT, jeb gribam nomainiit paroli jaunajai sisteemai # mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/gentoo # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot # swapon /dev/hda2 # mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc ----------- # chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash # env-update # source /etc/profile nu tad tagad daram ko mees gribeejaam(varam nomainiit sisteemas paroli) varam kompileet kerneli ganjau veelkautko # cd /usr/src/linux # make menuconfig nuu vai kaukas cits Nu ja ir veeriiga acs tad gaidu kljuudulabojumu. Par pamatu visam sheit ir manas zinaashanas kuras lielaa meeraa naakushas no www.gentoo.org/ Ceru ka kaadam noderees un buutu prieciigs ja veel kaads kaukur ieliktu netaa. MIGs Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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